Cellulose-deconstruction potential of nano-biocatalytic systems: A strategic drive from designing to sustainable applications of immobilized cellulases

Nanostructured materials along with an added value of polymers-based support carriers have gained high interest and considered ideal for enzyme immobilization. The recently emerged nanoscience interface in the form nanostructured combined immobilized-enzyme-based bio-catalysis has now become research development frontiers advance applied engineering. With involvement nanoscience, various polymers been thoroughly developed exploited to engineer constructs as carriers/matrices. Such nanotechnologically engineered carriers/matrix possesses unique structural, physicochemical, functional attributes which equilibrate principal factors strengthen biocatalysts efficacy multipurpose applications. In addition, nano-supported catalysts are potential alternatives that can outstrip several limitations conventional biocatalysts, such reduced catalytic turnover, low mass transfer efficiency, instability during reaction, most importantly, partial, or complete inhibition/deactivation. this context, engineering robust highly efficient is industrially relevant prerequisite. This review comprehensively covered biopolymers materials, including silica, hybrid nanoflower, nanotubes nanofibers, nanomembranes, graphene oxide nanoparticles, metal-oxide frameworks, magnetic nanoparticles matrices cellulase work further enriched by spotlighting considerations nano-immobilized cellulases. For instance, owing cellulose-deconstruction features cellulases, applications like lignocellulosic biomass conversion into useful products biofuels, improved paper sheet density pulp beat industry, fruit juice clarification food industry evident examples thereof discussed work.